Are pay for performance plans or incentives plans needed - Free Essay Example

First and foremost, pay-for-performance plans are different to a set of salary. It is a method of compensation where the employees are paid based on their performance. Employers normally provide incentives to workers based on the work performance. The efficacy of pay-for-performance plan is it is able to be use to motivate employees. Although Kevin Sandler, 2010, had argued that sometimes the virtue of incentives plans are uncertainty, it is costly for company to implementing or unexpected problems may occurs. It will be time consumed and effort for company to search or design for suitable incentives plans. However, its contribution should not be neglect. There have several advantages of pay-for-performance plans and incentives plans for both employers and employees. The foremost contribution of Pay-for-performance is it can increase the motivation of employee in their work performance. It motivates employees to put more effort because the extra compensation is given to those employees who perform above the expected standard. When an employee is compensated based on their performance, he will be more likely to work effectively in order to increase their income. In other words, the opportunity for employees to earn a desired income can stimulate employees do ones level best on their task. Other than that, pay-for-performance plans provide unlimited compensation to the workers; especially it is beneficial to those talent salespersons that are works effectively. They may be able to earn a substantial income than those workers who are paid for a set of salary since they are paid based on the volume of sales. Not only that, it also able to increase the employees productivity. Based the employer perspective, due to the desire of employees to achieve their income goal, they strive to increase their productivity. It might result in high productivity from fewer workers. This can beneficial to employers with reducing in employers labor cost. It can also lead to better retention. With the high-achieving in performance, those employees who satisfy their income as well as work environment will be more likely to maintain and stay in the company. Other than that, they can help company to attain a certain level of prestige and respect from their performance. Beside, by establishing group incentives plans can encourage team cooperation because the paid is based on the result that accomplishing by a team group. It is needed for them to work together to achieving the goals. (Mattchew, 2030) In practice, pay-for-performance helps leads to a win-win situation. In other words, it means that the employers can enjoy the benefits of improved performance of their business as well as the employees can feast on the increased compensation as a result of their hard work. (Zimbelman. K, 1997) Pay for performance creates a clear concept that enables employees to priorities their task. So, workers can keep track on their work. Before paying management beyond a base amount, bonus pay ensures a minimum level of financial performance. Besides, this pay-for-performance plans enable the employer to share the rewards to those employees which most responsible for attaining the aim of results. It also helps em ployers to setting clear standards of performance and giving the authorities to the management to handle the details. Base on the research of Rogan. P, 2009, there are three big benefits of implementing Pay for Performance System. This system helps managers to develop leadership skills by subjecting all the managers in different department to the roundtable process of objectively discussing employment performance. Secondly, Rogan had found that by using pay-for-performance system, employees are likely to drive the career pathing conversation with their managers. It helps in coincides the managers and employees of the variety of development ideas to ensure the employee reach mutually agreed upon career growth goals. Besides, this system gives a clear notion to employees that compensation will be linked to performance. It enables employees to understand that incentive is created for realistic goal setting, feedback requests and a formal performance discussion. Pay-for-performance plan also provides the opportunity to develop employees who are underperforming. Employers should not use this plans only as a measuring tool for an employees production, it can being used to take into consideration when an employee is misses out a simple attained incentives payment. It might be the employees are not qualified to perform the job or they are needed for better training. Thus, Root. G N, 2010, stated that manager should not think that the employee is not motivated, it may be involved other factors that is needed to be noticed on worker as well as company. Incentives Strategy in Application When a company want to motivate it employees by offering them compensation for excellent performance, it is called incentives plans. The course of implementing incentives system is to influence the behavior of employees as well as motivate pro-poor action in order to develop outcomes. It is critical for develop the capacity as it assisting the employees to do their best in performing their function. (UNDP, 2006) Incentives for individual motivation Salaries, intangible rewards, benefits, recognition are the common examples of incentives that being used to motivate employees to improve their performance. Normally, incentives are divided into two forms which are financial incentives or non-financial incentives. Financial incentives include salary, bonuses, pension, meal, clothes or housing is needed to make a distinction between a proper level of pay and special incentives. Whereas non-financial incentives can be comes in many different forms such as travel, gifts and some intangible incentives which also includes work flexibility, possibility of advancement and independence of work. It normally recognized as a function of psychological process. On the other hands, there is also a distinction between formal and informal incentives. Salary scales and staff entitlements are the examples of formal incentives whereas informal incentives represent channels reaping personal benefits through corrupt practices or patronage. Motivato rs may be positive and/or negative. Rather than investing new incentives, it is more important in reducing perverse incentives that favor non-conducive behavior. Incentives for organizational motivations Incentive plans are essential in organizational motivation and it is also chief in assisting in analyze the understanding of the force that drive the organization. It is useful in analyzing how an organization treat its employees in rewarding and punishing him as well as the reason for staff to join an organization. A perfect organization incentives system is able to stimulate employees to be creative and innovative in improving their performance. It is hard to deny that, incentives system can be encourage or discourage employee and the behavior of work group. Thus, organizational is needed to continually investigate the method to ensure their employees are committed to their task given. No matter it is based on perception or reality, organizational incentive systems have a real influence on the performance of employees that will directly affect organization overall performance. Incentives for societal motivation Suppose the pervasive structural incentives and motivators are located at the social level, the investment climate, and security, rule of law, civil service pay or legislation are conducive to civic engagement. The possibility to achieve its purpose is depends on the adequately resourced as well as the way it is resourced under prevailing rules. The values of many of the above are directly derivate in the prevailing Governance systems. Firstly, it includes democracy and a rights-based approach to development. It is needed to have the rule of law and accurate legal system, if not there will be no incentive mechanisms or external interventions for capacity development bear results. A vibrant civil society able to deepen democracy, bolster support for the protection of human rights and further check the misuse of incentive mechanisms. Read more: The Advantages of Pay for Performance Plans | eHow.com https://www.ehow.com/list_5921014_advantages-pay-performance-plans.html#ixzz0wr4 wmtK3 https://www.cooperativegrocer.coop/articles/index.php?id=218 R https://www.ehow.com/list_6001645_advantages-disadvantages-group-incentive-plans_.htmloot. G N,https://www.ehow.com/list_6535559_advantages-incentive-plans.html

The French Revolution And The Revolution - 1640 Words

The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Rà ©gime, inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophà ©s. These Philosophà ©s’ ideas sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was the state of France before the revolution that the Philosophà ©s owe their effectiveness to. Prior to the revolution, French society was divided into three categories, or â€Å"The Three Estates†. They were, the clergy, or First Estate, the nobility, or Second Estate, and the common people, or Third Estate (The Rights 9). These three estates divided France. The First and Second estates only held collectively two and a half percent of France’s population, but held almo st all the power and almost all of the wealth. The king, Louis XVI, was the successor to the Sun King, Louis XIV. At this point in time, France was an absolute monarchy with an astounding gap between the social classes. The Third Estate ranged from the extremely poor to the moderately wealthy. However, most of the Third Estate consisted of the extremely poor. One of the primary industries in the Third Estate was the bread industry, which was heavily regulated by the Police. Occupations in this industry range from the bakers, toShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And French Revolutions2006 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough the American and French revolutions both took place in the late 18th century, both fought for independence, and both portrayed patriotism, the revolutions are markedly different in their origins; one which led to the world’s longest lasting democracy and the other to a Napoleonic Dictatorship. Political revolutions in America and France happened because people felt dissatisfied with the way their country was run. In North America they rebelled against rule from a foreign power, they wantedRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there were political and social causes of The French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 1.3 billion livres, 13 billion dollars, on the American Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. The French Revolution was one of the most important events in history. While it changed the social structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. â€Å"the treeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things toRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement, but there was a collapse in the economy due to war d eclared by France. The French Revolution created a battle of conflictingRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1223 Words   |  5 Pages French Revolution As the Enlightenment began in the middle of the 17th century, people began to use reason rather than stick to tradition. New Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe such as ideas on government. Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousenan believed that the best government was one formed with the general consent of the people. Other Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu believed in freedom of speech and a separation of power within the government. All of theseRead MoreRevolutions And The French Revolution956 Words   |  4 Pages Revolutions are a common occurrence throughout world history. With the amount of revolutions in history, there are those that get lost and those that are the most remembered or well known. One of the well known revolutions is the French Revolution which occurred in the years 1789 to 1799. Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, this meaning that one ruler had the supreme authority and that said authority was not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customsRead MoreRevolutions Of The French Revolution1139 Words   |  5 PagesRevolutions are often characterized under two dominant schools of thought, either the structural or the cultural viewpoint. The structural approach favors causes that are of inherent forces in the system of sovereign nations, whilst the cultural view favors individuals actions and ideas as rudimentary to revolution. Skocpol and Trimberger’s essay Revolutions: A Structural Analysis modernizes the ideas of Karl M arx and reconciles them with the modern revolutions that have occurred to form a new viewpoint;Read MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1305 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution (1789-1814) was a period that affected the outcome of world history tremendously. This is considered a major turning point in European history which has led to dramatic changes in France and other regions of the world. Various social and political issues led to the start of the revolution. Politically, France suffered under the rule of Louis XVI, who ruled by absolute monarchy. Many people had their natural rights renounced and weren’t able to have a political voice. SociallyRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1180 Words   |  5 PagesLooking at the historical timeline, one can see that the French Revolution derived after the Enlightenment, which brought different ways of thinking, and different outlooks on government and society (553),(555),(558). The Enlightenment also changed the world of public debate, and established some ideas central to the French Revolution. The French Revolution of 1789 occurred due to government debt, class co nflict, bankruptcy, the Enlightenment, and the rule of absolutism. These social, economic, andRead MoreThe French Revolution : The Revolution828 Words   |  4 Pages2015 The French Revolution The French Revolution, beginning in 1789, is a prime example of uprising by the bourgeoisie against centuries-old Absolutist and feudal systems. The Revolution was fueled by Enlightenment concepts, such as collective sovereignty for the people and inviolable human rights. The Revolution was stricken by setbacks and France ultimately ended up in the hands of a revolutionary monarch, Napoleon Bonaparte (late 1790s). Furthermore, like the American Revolution, it allowed

A Psychoanalysis of Edward Gein Essay - 1266 Words

I have chosen to write my Case Study paper on Edward Gein from the Psychodynamic theoretical perspective. I believe that his behavior is a perfect case for the psychodynamic perspective because of the family dynamic in his home. These circumstances led to the actions that would become the inspiration for many books and movie characters because of the oddity and extreme nature of his human interactions. Possibly the first crime that Edward committed was killing his older brother. This has significance on the psychological level because Edward’s older brother began to disagree with their mother’s world perspective and I believe this was the motivation for this crime. He loved his mother very much possibly to the point of Parent-Child†¦show more content†¦He took the skin of these women’s bodies and tanned them making artifacts for around the house and even a suit of their skins that he could wear and pretend that he was a woman. This seems to be an ex treme and unique case of a type of Gender Identity Disorder. Because of his secluded lifestyle without a connection to the outside world these behaviors along with others went unnoticed until a woman disappeared from a hardware store where he was witnessed to have been at the same time as the disappearance. When the search lead to his farm not only did the police find that he did murder the victim, but that he had been mutilating scores of corpses. Her body was found hanging by the ankles with her head decapitated from her body. There was also another woman who appeared to be murdered by Gein, and the remains of many other bodies. Edward Gein has reached â€Å"legendary status† because of what he did to the bodies of the women he dug up from the cemetery. In his house among other items were; human organs in the refrigerator, a lampshade made of a human face, ten female heads with the tops sawn off, human skin chair covers, nine masks of human skin, bowls made from human skulls. (Ed gein, 2011) Among the disorders seen from a psychodynamic point of view I would include Necrophilia and Sexual Disorders NOS. It is hard to classify these behaviors into categories and there have probably been additional classification standards considered just

American Government Journal Topics

Journal topics can be another method  for students to learn about American Government. The following topics can be used in Civics and American Government courses: Democracy to me means†¦An alien has just landed. Explain to that alien the purpose of government.Identify a need in your school that you believe should be addressed. Write in your journal what changes you believe should be made as if you were presenting this to your principal.Describe what you believe life would be like in a dictatorship.What questions would you specifically like to ask the President of the United States?Taxes in this country are†¦If I could add an amendment to the constitution it would be†¦Capital punishment is†¦Which is more important to your daily life: local government, state government, or federal government? Explain in our journal why you answered as you did.The state of _____ (fill in your state) is unique because†¦I consider myself (republican, democrat, independent) because†¦Republicans are†¦Democrats are†¦If you could step back in time, what questions would you ask the founding fathers?Which Founding Father or Foundin g Mother would you most like to meet? Why?What three words would you use to describe America?Explain how you plan to participate in government as you grow older.Public opinion polls are†¦Imagine that the school board has decided to eliminate your favorite program from school. For example, they might have decided to do away with art classes, band, track and field, etc. What could you do to protest this move?A president should be†¦

My Family And Beloved Friends - 2256 Words

Every year me and my dearest family and beloved friends would embark on a journey to my long deceased Uncle’s manor.My uncle died in the year 1867 at the age of eighty, the doctors never quite understood how he died but when he was found the maid said that he was holding a picture of tree which stood in the house gardens.However this picture was never seen after the maid put it on the mantelpiece after his death, nor the tree. As I woke up I could already smell the sweet scent of freshly baked bread coming from the bakers across the road.I could also hear a faint pattering on my downstairs door.As I tentatively stepped down each step the pattering began to embark on a crescendo, louder and louder it got until it became a banging.I†¦show more content†¦Slowly the horse took me on an hour journey to the boat port just a few miles up from where i live.When we got there i saw a steam boat waiting for the passengers ,as well as my dear party.The driver got my bags and opened the door for me however as he opened the door he hid his eyes and face and only nodded as an informal good day,but even stranger i saw that when he was walking to get my baggage that he was trying to hide an injury to his leg.I got only a glimpse of the cut but it was deep and it had a peculiarity about it,it wasn’t like being scratched by a dog or cat more like something that someone had done to him.Despite this event i tri ed to stop thinking about it and instead tried to embrace the spirit of the group.As i walked up the stairs i turned around to see if the driver was still their but as i turned around i saw that he was lying on the ground and looked as if he was having an apoplectic shock, i tried to rush down the stairs again to see if he was ok but i was blocked by tourists.Eventually i gave up and walked to join my party but again i turned around to see if he was being taken care of but he wasn’t there neither was his cart only his horse.And as i stepped through the portico of the ship, a picture of a garden flew past me.All i could see was that it had been cut and orShow MoreRelatedMy Beloved Family And Friends2062 Words   |  9 PagesTo my beloved family and friends: Although at 37 years old I do not consider myself to be old yet, I have lived long enough to have learned and experienced a vast amount of valuable lessons and knowledge that I would like to pass on to you. While I have faced many challenges and adversities in the past, I have come to realize that even with its ups and downs, my life thus far has been an incredible journey. With that statement, I want to share with you some of my most precious experiences, valuesRead MoreEssay on Love in Toni Morrisons Beloved646 Words   |  3 Pagesit. It can come in the form of partners, friends, or just simply family. To some, love is something of a necessity in life, where some would rather turn a cold shoulder to it. Love can be the mixture of passion, need, lust, loyalty, and blood. Love can be extraordinary and breathtaking. Love being held so high can also be dangerous. Love can drive people to numerous mad things with it dangerously so full of craze and passion. In Toni Morrisons Beloved, there were many different love filled andRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved 1524 Words   |  7 PagesShai-Dae Alford Dr. DuBose ENG 490-02 10 April 2016 Slave Narrative: Beloved Toni Morrison conveys her strong feelings in her novel about slavery depicting the emotional impact slavery has had on individual mainly the centered character Sethe. The protagonist of the novel is unable to fully prosper in life due to resentment and the ability to move on from her past experiences. In Morrison’s story, since 1873 slavery was abolished for ten years in Cincinnati, Ohio. By the author choosing this settingRead MoreIsolation in Dr. Frankenstein1463 Words   |  6 PagesIsolation is one the roots of the problems and calamities endured by many characters depicted in the beloved and Dr Frankenstein. We see individuals like Sethe forced into slavery, she was abandoned by her mother, who was killed after a failed attempt to run away. She experienced hard times before being sold to sweet home at a tender age. Fast forward down years later, she started her own family with Halle. We see Sethe turn out to be someone who is obsessed with taking care of her children, weRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Cycle Of Claim1007 Words   |  5 PagesCycle of Claim in Toni Morrison’s Beloved Toni Morrison’s Beloved centers around the repercussions of slavery. The novel reveals that the memories of enslavement, particularly the denial of them, effect life even after slavery is abolished. The black community is unwilling to accept their past, causing them to lack self identities. Even after escaping a life of bondage, the characters are forever trapped in the external world of slavery. As Sethe says on page 95, â€Å"Freeing yourself was one thing;Read MoreThe Lovely Bones and Beloved Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesA comparison of the ways that the dead affect the living in the novels Beloved by Toni Morrison and The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold. In the novels that I have chosen to study, several themes are prominent in both. Both novels deal with a brutal murder of a young female, and the impact surrounding her death. They also deal with the idea of the dead, directly or indirectly communicating with the living. The novels address the theory that ‘ghosts’ cannot move onto the next life until they have resolvedRead MoreThe Beauty of Shakespeares Sonnets1350 Words   |  6 Pagesin this poem, and in the eyes who read it. This sonnet truly expresses the real meaning of friendship because he is telling his friends that he wants to keep their memory alive forever. According to Ox quarry books Ltd, â€Å"Sonnet 55 shares a theme with that of many others, which oppose the power to verse death and Times cruel knife, and promise immortality to the beloved.† For example, in the two last stanzas of sonnet 55, Shakespeare states, â€Å"So till the judgment that yourselfRead MoreFeminism in Beloved1502 Words   |  7 PagesA Feminist Outlook on Maternal vs. Paternal Instincts in Beloved Since the beginning of time, the mother and child relationship has differed greatly from the father and child relationship. Though both parents love their child greatly, both parents dare not cross certain boundaries. The limitations of protection for a mother are far different from paternal limitations. In her novel, Beloved, Morrison introduces the subject of infanticide, and explores the differences in justification between menRead MoreThe Beloved Country By Alan Paton931 Words   |  4 PagesFamily in Cry, the Beloved Country One cannot run from hardships, for they occur every day, appear suddenly, and can quickly consume hope. Instead one must face these difficulties and overcome them. However, to rise above obstacles alone would only cause further misery and despair. The struggler’s family should rally behind him to comfort and assist him in his time of need. In Cry, the Beloved Country, a 1948 contemporary novel, Alan Paton uses parallelism to emphasize the importance of familyRead MoreMore Than Just Autism : The Serious Impairment Of Reciprocal Communication Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesautistic children. In my life, I have met different couples that had been damaged or destroyed by the power of the sickness of one child. I have seen siblings emotionally killed because of the current situation of their beloved autistic sibling. As a teacher, I know I will never be able to work with this type of children, but I need to find the way to emotionally and spiritually help the siblings and paren ts that have children with this kind of disability. How? I am still clueless. My perception of autism

Dialog in a cafeteria near the office of Victoria and Abigail Free Essays

One Saturday afternoon in a cafeteria near the office of Victoria and Abigail, they scheduled themselves to unwind and take a look to what really is going on in the realm they are into. Abigail unconsciously uttered what tremendous circumstance that is happening around her in the office and she simply takes into account the attitude of being bullshit is scattered in their working area, â€Å"As I join my officemate, I can’t help but just listen to the bullshit topic they are apt to† â€Å"You know, that was so rampant in the environment that we have, isn’t it? † Victoria shows her feelings as she grabs her cup of coffee. The two girls relate with each other as they exchanged insight as regards to the huge fuzz of bullshit thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Dialog in a cafeteria near the office of Victoria and Abigail or any similar topic only for you Order Now Abigail exemplify â€Å"You know girl, the thought of being bullshit lies on the fact that it is beyond the lies that we make, it is more alarming because you are doing beyond what you think is true† â€Å"What you mean Abigail? † â€Å"What I am trying to embark here is that the verity that you lie, you actually knew that you are doing the wrong thing but it is different when you are talking about something without caring whether it is factual or not† Abigail expounds as she has a second thought behind her mind what is Victoria is thinking about. â€Å"What are you thinking about? † Abigail asked. Victoria responded, â€Å"Well, nothing besides the realization of what you are trying to implore†. â€Å"In actuality Victoria, it is more alarming than we think how being bullshit destruct one’s personality†, Abigail is provoking the feelings of Victoria towards the subject matter. â€Å"You know girl, the air in our environment in the office is very unscrupulous† Victoria is listening intensely to what Abigail is about to share. Abigail continues, â€Å"One of my officemates is claiming that she is rich and to the point that she is acting like a real one† â€Å"Really, how come you say that? † â€Å"It was quite obvious that she is not and she is just making a bullshit gesture. You know, there were times that we are just talking about our experiences in the office as we handle our client and answering their queries, all of a sudden she will make a huge fuzz out of nowhere about her new condominium†. Abigail added, â€Å"It’s not that we are envious of her but obviously, it is not related to the topic most especially, we are all aware that it is not true and she is just acting like a rich fellow† â€Å"That was terrible! † Victoria reacted. â€Å"Absolutely, that’s why we usually get annoyed of her actions† Abigail really wanted to hear Victoria’s insights as to the matter of bullshit because in the realm they are distressing, it is quite everywhere and everybody is getting into the angle of the phenomenon. As the conversation of the two becomes intense, they did not notice that they spend almost two hours just tackling what bullshit in their eyes is. Of course, the subject matter is truly controversial because we can never deny the fact how we usually use such word to our daily encounters in our lives. Going back to the cafeteria where Abigail and Victoria are exchanging their views, Victoria cannot take holding her emotions and reacted completely to what was Abigail is talking about earlier. She never hesitated to counterfeit what was Abigail’s scrutiny in relation to bullshit measures. â€Å"I agree with you when you say that it happens in our nature nowadays that bullshit is everywhere and we cannot do anything sometimes even if we condemn the act†, Victoria uttered. Abigail is listening on what Victoria is about to take note. â€Å"Bullshit was established in the context of the discourse and not in intentions of the speaker per se† Victoria exemplifies as she eagerly expound what she is thinking as Abigail is talking earlier. Abigail is listening attentively to Victoria as she sips her coffee, accordingly she reacted â€Å"what views you are apt to when you mention that it is in the context of the beholder’s speech and not in the intention of the speaker that bullshit arises? † Victoria act in response â€Å"consider the norms of politics as those in authority consistently delivering how their nations are coping with the tremendous change in this time and age, however they fail to take a look on several issues of corruption that tends to depreciate the stability of their nation. The bullshit context of the authority’s approach to changing nation despite their unintentional gesture was quite dishonest and considered a bullshit act. Parallel to this, acting inappropriately by holding into corruption was undeniably unprincipled† It seems that the two girls are showing their perception to the phenomenal acts of being bullshit. Indeed, the different approach that they believed in truly depicts a sense of formulating a specific theory towards the anomaly of being bullshit. Abigail is wondering how deep Victoria’s attitude towards their subject matter. She cannot hide in her inner self if at some point in her conversation with her friend that their views meet. It is good to take note the buzz about being bullshit nowadays, may it be on the fact that you acted the wrong and unaccepted way or the fact that your views contributes on being a bullshit material. Either way, the theories at hand might contribute to the understanding of what this is all about. As the two girls continues to talk about what they encounter in their work and in the nation that they belong, they can’t hinder themselves to weigh who has the most reasonable consideration to what they are talking about. Abigail insisted that by being bullshit, it come to light the fact that you neglect what is true and believe in yourself that you are doing the right thing even if you just decoded what really is true and what is not. On another account, Victoria uttered that it goes with the content of what you say that makes person a bullshit one. Unintentionally we do and say things which are oppose to our norms but we do not intend to sound like bullshit but by not controlling our selves, we make project such attitude. In realism, the perception of Abigail matters a she define bullshit by being neglect able of what is right and wrong. It has been said that it is most dangerous to be bullshit than to make lies and this is what Abigail shares to her friend. As they exchanged their views, the girls got enlightened by their topic and they just bonded all night long. How to cite Dialog in a cafeteria near the office of Victoria and Abigail, Papers

Clinical Reasoning Essay for Neurology - Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

Question: Discuss about theClinical Reasoning Essay for Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry. Answer: Introduction A Nursing practitioner with effective and positive impact in clinical practice often displays implementable clinical reasoning ability to manage patients. A nursing practitioner with appropriate skills often eliminates error actions on clinical judgement and decision making with regard to managing a Parkinsons disease patients. As clinical reasoning is a learnt skill, it needs active engagement and determination on the patient which ensures that critical care management for patients is achieved. Thus towards achieving this goal, this case analysis will utilise on Levett-Jones, (2013) clinical reasoning cycle. In handling Mr Bhai case based on this clinical cycle tool, patient status will be assessed with regard to his social life and family affairs. Collection of the cues of the patient assessed will form part of the basis of disease diagnosis. Upon collection of this information, it will inform the clinical diagnosis. Further for appropriate diseases management major issues of conce rn will be sought from the patient which include bradykinesia, slow tremor and neuropsychosis. The second part of the essay will form assessment strategies from the nursing perspectives. These include management of tremor, nursing action strategies, evaluation of management practices and nursing reflection towards this patient. Assesment based on the clinical reasoning cycle Patient status The case involves patient Bhai Ratin, aged 87 years who is diagnosed with Parkinson disease. Further four years ago, he was diagnosed with hypothyroidism and he is currently under medication. These challenges posses a double challenge to Mr Bhai. The patient got married to Mrs Amita, whom she died 12 months ago. They were unlucky to have children so now he is living alone. The patient is trying to manage his daily expenses from his superannuation income, which enable him to sustain his basic life expenses, however not enough to cater for all his expenses including holiday vacation. His state is continuing to worsen daily, as he has started to experience tremor in his hands. This is making him to gain difficulty in managing basic activities like cooking, dressing and basic actions such as making shoe laces difficult process for him. From the assessment the disease is continuing to worsen making the life of Mr Bhai difficult. The only dependent he has is his brother and family, who live nearby, whoever he is afraid of bothering them. Collecting cues for patient Mr. Bhai, has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for close to four years now and he is still undergoing medication. He is currently ailing from Parkinson disease and the condition is worsening as he is unable to do most of the basic functions. The current medication he is taking are aimed at alleviating the symptoms of the disease however no improvement are being noticed, her condition is deteriorating. Aging generally comes with its own challenges. Mr. Bhai faces loss of independence and is currently faces difficulty with the diminishing physical ability, (Sixsmith et al 2014). The senescence to the aging process of this patient is characterised by loss of biological, emotional and social ability, (Allen et al 2013). The acute changes in the health state of Mr Bhai, has lead to imminent disability, which needs a caregiver to take care of him. He is facing loss of his independence due to the advanced age and the disease state he is facing right now, (Alsnih Hensher, 2003). Often presence of immediate families often take cover to assist the patient to cope up with this critical phase, however with Mr. Bhai, he is afraid of disturbing his brothers family as they are close family to him at the moment. Processing the collecting information Mr Bhai is ailing from Parkinson disease which is a long term degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system and affects the motor system. The characteristics are typically slower at times; early diagnosis of the diseases displays signs of shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and experiencing difficulty in walking. Often it can spill over to behavioural patterns display, (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016). The early stages of the disease, Mr. Bhai is experiencing is characterised by little actions on the swinging and movement of arms, distorted speech movements and it continues to worsen as time goes by. Currently there are limited treatment options of the diseases. With the progression of the disease, neurons loss its ability and the medications become less effective and produces signs of involuntary writhing movements, (Cruz et al., 2016). Proper dieting and rehabilitation process have shown to improve the disease state and improving the symptoms. Parkinson is major disease affecting the elderly with approximately 6.2 million elderly in 2015 experiencing the disease with estimated 117, 400 deaths around the globe, (Feigin, 2016). The prevalence of the disease is more so prevalent among the elderly compared to the females and is characterised with life expectancy of 7-14 years after diagnosis, (Mustafa et al., n.d). Major issues of concern to the patient Parkinson disease is the most common form of the disease and has been referred to as idiopathic Parkinsonism and has no identifiable causes. Some of the identified cause of the disease include toxins, drugs, infections, drugs side effects, strokes and brain lesions, (Jankovic Tolosa, 2007). The major issues affecting patient Bhai has been summarised into three majors which include; slow tremor. It is a common disease state which affects the arms and the limbs, (Jankovic, 2008). Common traits with the disease include index finger thumbness to perform duties. Another relevant issue is bradykinesia, which is characterised by slowness movement which affects mobility. Mr Bhai is at risk of facing issues with mobility which will affect tremendously his functionality. Another issue at risks is neuropsychosis. It is associated with cognition, mood and behaviour disorientation. Cognitive disturbance can be observed in the early stages of the disease and increase the prevalence of the disease , (Parker et al., 2013). Objectives of managing slow tremor Tremor occurrence in Parkinsons disease is a characteristic for patient Bhai and occurs at rest occasions when the limb is not being used and during slow movements, (Deusch et al 2015). Tremor movements begin at the arm which posses disability which ensures that the patient functions well in doing other chores like dressing and cooking. For the patient at times medication are not effective in treating tremors, however implantation of brain stimulations in the thalamus system can achieve satisfactory results. Nursing objectives geared towards managing the patient include; Providing proximal input to the affected arms, with an aim of providing stable surface for the arm affected arm which leads to increase ease and decreased tremor. Providing and improvising various adaptive equipment like weighted utensils, elastics shoe laces and weighted pen to alleviate weight overload on the hands. Exploring and devising forearm cooling management, this will be facilitated by a trained occupational therapists. To manage level of stress and manage tremor with an aim of eliminating multitasking and ensuring that the patient takes medication as required and prescribed. Nursing action strategies As the most identified nursing issue when handling a Parkinsons diseases is tremor management, it has been known to have resting tremors which occur when the arms and the legs are resting. Often medication prescribed just like the case of patient Bhai, can serve meaningful purpose in managing the tremors. As a nurse, there is need to incorporate other non-pharmacological strategies to manage tremor for the patient. The strategies to be involved include: Ensuring the arms of patient Bhai are close to the body. This is aimed at ensuring that the proximal stability and input provided to the affected area can be able to manage the tremors and hands shake during functional abilities like cooking, and small chores around the house. Ensuring that the patient is advised not to multi task activities, avoidance of standing when doing activities such as shaving, brushing or even meal preparation can prove to be a challenge for a PD just like Mr. Bhai. Managing stress, anxiety and frustration caused by loneliness and inability occasion by the life Mr Bhai is living. These factors have tremendous effects on the state of Parkinson disease. Often when a patient gets frustrated, the best strategy to advise in this case Mr Bhai, is to take deep breaths and start whatever task he was doing. Ensuring that as a general practitioner, the patient ensures that they keep log of everything scheduling of tremors that occur. Ensuring complete daily activities when the tremors are severe and better is crucial. This is often linked to timing of medication and to ensure that they are functioning well. Outcome evaluation process With the implementation of the prescribed strategies, it is important to expect that the patient will be able to manage the level of stress and tremor he is starting to experience. At the end of implementing the strategies, it is geared that Mr Bhai, will be able to manage his chores effectively and avoid multitasking actions. Also it is expected that the level of stress and neuropsychosis experienced can be handled effectively and well by him. As a general practitioner it is important that the stated coping mechanisms are well implemented and adhered to. My Reflection With the implantation of this task, based on clinical reasoning skills, it is important to note that every step is relevant towards patient care management. With in-depth knowledge acquisition of Parkinson disease I know understand the major issues which affect the elderly towards managing the disease. The elderly need effective support mechanism so as to cope well with the disease and try to manage the level of issues surrounding the daily activities of an elderly person. Hence my key role as a nursing practitioner is paramount in this case. Conclusion Finally it is important to note that management of Parkinson disease in general ensures that clinical skills are implemented. As a nursing practitioner with effective skills of clinical reasoning based on Levett-Jones, (2013) and Hunters, (2016) concepts on wellness of older people, the skills acquired are crucial towards managing clinical based conditions among the elderly. Especially this time the patient is living alone with no social support, can worsen the neuropsychosis state of the Mr Bhai, (Friedman, 2010). With the implementation of the nursing strategies is crucial in ensuring the patient state is managed. The overview of the nursing strategies for Mr Bhai ensures that the arms are well functioning, avoidance of multitasking activities , stress management and anxiety disorders caused by loneliness. As a nurse ensuring proper documentation of all events taking place is crucial in ensuring that the patient is managed well and effectively. 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